2025 REC Pricing Model Cost Input Survey

(January 10-24, 2025)

This voluntary survey is intended to gather information from Illinois Shines and Illinois Solar for All Vendors and Designees on costs associated with their projects that have completed in 2024, and projects expected to be completed in 2025.


The information collected through this survey will be used along with national data on project costs by the Illinois Power Agency to update cost inputs to the model used to set REC prices for the 2025-2026 Program Year for both programs.


Responses are due January 24, 2025.


Questions about this survey may be submitted to IPA.Solar@illinois.gov.


Instructions

The Agency recognizes that not all respondents will have response to every question and the Agency encourages respondents to provide information that they have available.


For this survey, please consider the date a project receives permission to operate from the interconnecting utility as the date a project is considered is completed.


Please report cost information in dollars per Watt DC by:


  • Type (Distributed Generation or Community Solar)


  • Size Category in kW AC (≤10 kW, 10 - 25 kW, >25 - 100 kW, >100 - 200 kW, >200 - 500 kW, >500 - 2,000 kW, >2,000 - 5,000 kW)


  • Group (Group A: projects located in the service territories of Ameren Illinois, MidAmerican, Mt. Carmel Public Utility, and rural electric cooperatives and municipal utilities located in MISO. Group B: projects located in the service territories of ComEd, and rural electric cooperatives and municipal utilities located in PJM.)


The following categories of costs are based on the input fields in the CREST model that is used as part of the Agency’s REC Pricing Model.*


  • Generation Equipment should include all hardware, such as panels and inverters.


  • Balance of Plant (also known as Balance of System) represents all infrastructure, site prep and labor supporting the installation of the generation equipment. BOP costs include foundations, mounting devices, other hardware, and labor not already accounted for in "Generation Equipment.”


  • Interconnection should account for all project costs relating to connecting to the grid, such as the construction of transmission lines, permitting costs with the utility, and start-up costs. This category will also include the cost of a new substation, if necessary.


  • Development and Fees should include all costs relating to project management, studies, engineering, permitting, contingencies, success fees, and other soft costs not accounted for elsewhere.


These categories are used to help breakdown cost factors for the CREST model, but the CREST model uses these four categories in aggregate for modeling the revenue requirement for a photovoltaic project. In other words, the key factor for a given project in the total cost per Watt DC, rather than the specific breakdown between the four categories. The Agency recognizes that respondents may track costs in different ways and may categorize costs differently, and the Agency encourages respondents to attempt to categorize their costs to the extent practicable.


* CREST is an economic cash flow model developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory that estimates the cost of energy in terms of cents per kilowatt hour associated with specific input assumptions. The input assumptions used regarding include technology type, location, system capital and operating costs, expected production, project useful life, and various project financing variables. CREST was developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. (https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/crest.html)


Confidential Treatment of Responses:

The Agency has an obligation under Section 1-120 of the IPA Act to provide adequate protection for confidential and proprietary information furnished, delivered, or filed by any person, corporation, or entity. (20 ILCS 3855/1-120). Additionally, the Illinois Freedom of Information Act exempts from disclosure trade secrets and commercial or financial information obtained from a person or business where the trade secrets or commercial or financial information are furnished under a claim that they are proprietary, privileged, or confidential, and that disclosure of the trade secrets or commercial or financial information would cause competitive harm to the person or business, and only insofar as the claim directly applies to the records requested. (5 ILCS 140/7(1)(g)). The Agency will maintain the confidentiality of specific responses to this survey, but may release information furnished in the aggregate, including but not limited to Freedom of Information Act requests and within the REC Pricing Model.


Click here for more information and background on the REC Pricing Model Cost Input process.



* = Required, otherwise field is optional

Part 1: Background Information

4. Are you an Approved Vendor or Designee in Illinois Shines or Illinois Solar for All programs?*

Please provide your Illinois Shines ID, and Illinois Solar for All ID if applicable.

6. Confidential treatment of response*

Do your responses to this survey require confidential treatment on the basis that the responses contain trade secrets or commercial or financial information which is proprietary, privileged, or confidential, and the disclosure of this information would cause competitive harm to you or your business?

By selecting "No" to this item, your responses will not be confidential and may be subject to release by the Illinois Power Agency as required under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act. If you wish your responses to remain confidential, please change your response to “Yes.”


Part 2: 2024 Installations

Please select the applicable size categories for projects you completed in Illinois in 2024.

1. Please list the number of projects completed in 2024.

≤ 10 kW

# of DG Projects Completed

# of DG Projects Completed

10 - 25 kW

# of DG Projects Completed

# of DG Projects Completed

>25 kW - 100 kW

# of DG Projects Completed

# of DG Projects Completed

>100 - 200 kW

# of DG Projects Completed

# of DG Projects Completed

>200 - 500 kW

# of DG Projects Completed

# of DG Projects Completed

# of Community Solar Projects Completed

# of Community Solar Projects Completed

>500 - 2,000 kW

# of DG Projects Completed

# of DG Projects Completed

# of Community Solar Projects Completed

# of Community Solar Projects Completed

>2,000 - 5,000 kW

# of DG Projects Completed

# of DG Projects Completed

# of Community Solar Projects Completed

# of Community Solar Projects Completed


2. Please provide your average cost per watt DC for projects completed in 2024.

See definitions of cost elements in the instructions to the left.

Distributed Generation

Community Solar


Please note that the REC Pricing Model, which currently uses national-level data, contains a 30% adjustment for installation labor costs for projects located in Group B.

For example, if a project had significant cost overruns due to external factors such as unplanned for roof repairs that would make the project not typical of installed costs of projects in 2024.

Please specify by applicable Cost Category and Size Category.


Part 3: 2025 Installations

For the following section, please provide your best estimates of quantities and costs for projects that you expect to complete in 2025. In conjunction with this survey the Agency will also be conducting research on inflation adjustment factors it will consider in order to model future costs.

Please select the applicable size categories for those projects you expect to complete in Illinois in 2025.

1. Please provide the number of projects you expect to complete in 2025.

≤10 kW

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

10 - 25 kW

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

>25 - 100 kW

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

>100 - 200 kW

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

>200 - 500 kW

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

# of Community Solar Projects Expected to be Completed

# of Community Solar Projects Expected to be Completed

>500 - 2,000 kW

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

# of Community Solar Projects Expected to be Completed

# of Community Solar Projects Expected to be Completed

>2,000 - 5,000 kW

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

# of DG Projects Expected to be Completed

# of Community Solar Projects Expected to be Completed

# of Community Solar Projects Expected to be Completed


2. Please provide your expected average cost per watt DC for distributed generation projects completed in 2025.

See definitions of cost elements in the instructions to the left.

Distributed Generation

Community Solar



Part 4: Financial Assumptions

The REC Pricing Model currently includes a target After-Tax Equity Internal Rate of Return (“IRR”) of 12% for distributed generation projects and 14% community solar projects.


The target after-tax equity IRR is the equity investor's cost of capital -- or "discount rate" -- and is the minimum rate of return that the project owner will seek to attain in order to justify the project compared to alternative investments. The CREST model assumes a single equity investor taking both cash and tax benefits. As a result, the target after-tax equity IRR would represent a blend of expected returns for both cash and tax equity investments.


The Agency recognizes that there are a wide range of business models used to finance and develop photovoltaic projects and that different types of investors may have different expectations. However, for modeling purposes the Agency needs to reduce these financial assumptions used to a simplify the model.

Project Management and O&M


The REC Pricing Model currently assumes project management costs of $5/kWdc per year and fixed operations and maintenance expenses of $10/kWdc per year.


`Project Management’ is used here to mean the cost of staff time related to managing the project's PPAs, grid integration, and periodic reporting to the system operator and policymakers.

Debt and Financing


The REC Pricing Model includes assumptions about the debt financing of projects. That assumption for Illinois Shines is that hard project costs are financed at a 45%, with the remainder of costs coming from equity. For Illinois Solar for All, the assumptions are 0% for residential projects and 35% for Low-Income Community Solar Projects. The model also assumes that construction financing is utilized for a six-month period for under 25 kW distributed generation projects, and 12 months for larger distributed generation projects and community solar projects


The percentage of debt input specifies the portion of funds borrowed, as a percentage of the total "hard costs." Equity is assumed to fund the remaining hard costs PLUS all "soft costs" (e.g. transaction costs and funding of initial reserve accounts, if applicable).

Community Solar


The REC Pricing Model currently includes assumptions that community solar projects have land lease costs of $5/kWdc per year and property tax costs of $6,000/MWac per year.

Investment Tax Credit


The REC Pricing Model currently assumes that 100% of the Investment Tax Credit (“ITC”) is utilized.


Part 5: Considerations related to Illinois Solar for All and Equity Eligible Contractor projects

Please note that for the 2025 - 26 Program Year, projects in the Equity Eligible Contractor category will have prices the same as the otherwise applicable price category for distributed generation or community solar projects. This question is only intended to gather information for consideration of adjustments to REC Pricing that may be considered in the 2026 Long-Term Renewable Resources Procurement Plan for use starting in the 2026 - 27 Program Year.

Thank you for completing this survey.

The Illinois Power Agency appreciates the time and effort it takes to provide the information requested. Your response will assist the Agency in updating REC prices for the 2025-2026 Program Year.